开机自启动某个任务

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基础版本

​ 工作之余用写的。就是把 一个脚本A 做成 一个服务A，然后每次开机自动调用这个服务。
脚本A直接写在下面这个脚本里面，运行下面这个脚本一步一步来就好了，这里是开机自启动jypyter-lab的一个命令。
​ 如果有什么问题，去检查一下 我写入的log 文件夹中的文件。 有时候 要一些模块类似 pip install typing_extensions。

Auto_start_jupyter.sh

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#!/bin/bash                                                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                                                      
# 读取用户输入的密码                                                                                                                                                  
read -sp "请输入你的root密码: " root_password                                                                                                                         
echo 

# 切换到 root 用户并执行命令
echo  "$root_password" | sudo -S -p '' bash -c '


# 在 /home/jlsf/ 下创建一个 log 文件夹，不会覆盖已存在的文件夹
echo "在 /home/jlsf/ 下创建一个 log 文件夹，不会覆盖已存在的文件夹"
mkdir -p /home/jlsf/log
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
  echo "Failed to create log folder." >&2
  exit 1
else
  echo "Log folder created or already exists."
fi


# 检查是否存在 /home/jlsf/Auto_start_jupyter.sh 脚本，如果不存在则创建
echo "检查是否存在 /home/jlsf/Auto_start_jupyter.sh 脚本，如果不存在则创建"
if [ ! -f /home/jlsf/Auto_start_jupyter.sh ]; then
  cat << 'SCRIPT' > /home/jlsf/Auto_start_jupyter.sh
#!/bin/bash
/usr/bin/nohup /home/jlsf/.local/bin/jupyter lab --no-browser --ip=0.0.0.0 --allow-root >> /home/jlsf/log/myscript.log 2>&1 &
# /home/jlsf/.local/bin/jupyter lab --no-browser --ip=0.0.0.0 --allow-root >> /home/jlsf/log/myscript.log 2>&1
SCRIPT
  if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
    echo "Failed to create Auto_start_jupyter.sh script." >&2
    exit 1
  else
    echo "Auto_start_jupyter.sh script created."
  fi
else
  echo "Auto_start_jupyter.sh script already exists."
fi


# 尝试添加 Auto_start_jupyter.sh 脚本权限
echo "尝试添加 Auto_start_jupyter.sh 脚本权限。"
chown jlsf:jlsf /home/jlsf/Auto_start_jupyter.sh
chown jlsf:jlsf /home/jlsf/log
chmod 776 /home/jlsf/Auto_start_jupyter.sh
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
echo "Failed to set permissions on Auto_start_jupyter.sh script." >&2
exit 1
else
echo "Permissions set on Auto_start_jupyter.sh script."
fi


# 创建 systemd 服务单元文件
echo "创建 systemd 服务单元文件"
if [ ! -f /etc/systemd/system/Auto_start_jupyter.service ]; then
  cat << 'SERVICE' > /etc/systemd/system/Auto_start_jupyter.service
[Unit]
Description=Jupyter Lab Service
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/home/jlsf/Auto_start_jupyter.sh
StandardOutput=append:/var/log/my_program.log
StandardError=append:/var/log/my_program.log
Restart=always
User=jlsf
WorkingDirectory=/home/jlsf

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
SERVICE
  if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
    echo "Failed to create Auto_start_jupyter.service." >&2
    exit 1
  else
    echo "Auto_start_jupyter.service created."
  fi
else
  echo "Auto_start_jupyter.service already exists."
fi


# 重新加载 systemd 配置
echo "重新加载 systemd 配置"
systemctl daemon-reload
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
  echo "Failed to reload systemd daemon." >&2
  exit 1
else
  echo "Systemd daemon reloaded."
fi


# # 重置服务的启动限制计数
# echo "重置服务的启动限制计数" 
# systemctl reset-failed
# if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
#   echo "Failed to reset-failed systemd service." >&2
#   exit 1
# else
#   echo "Systemd service reset-failed success."
# fi


# 启用并启动服务
echo "启用并启动服务"
systemctl enable Auto_start_jupyter.service
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
  echo "Failed to enable Auto_start_jupyter.service." >&2
  exit 1
else
  echo "Auto_start_jupyter.service enabled."
fi
echo "现在开始开启服务"
systemctl start Auto_start_jupyter.service
# if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
#   echo "Failed to start Auto_start_jupyter.service." >&2
#   exit 1
# else
#   echo "Auto_start_jupyter.service started."
# fi

# 检查服务状态
echo "检查服务状态"
systemctl status Auto_start_jupyter.service


'

改进

Auto_start_jupyter.sh

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#!/bin/bash

# 读取用户输入的密码
read -sp "请输入你的root密码: " root_password
echo

# 切换到 root 用户并执行一系列配置命令
echo "$root_password" | sudo -S -p '' bash -s <<'EOF'

echo "-----------------------------------------------------"
echo "开始配置 Jupyter Lab 的 systemd 自启动服务..."
echo "-----------------------------------------------------"

# 步骤 1: 创建或更新 systemd 服务单元文件
echo "--> 正在创建优化的 systemd 服务文件: /etc/systemd/system/Auto_start_jupyter.service"

cat << 'SERVICE' > /etc/systemd/system/Auto_start_jupyter.service
[Unit]
Description=Jupyter Lab Service
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStart=/home/dell/.local/bin/jupyter lab --no-browser --ip=0.0.0.0 --allow-root
User=dell
WorkingDirectory=/home/dell
Restart=always
RestartSec=5

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
SERVICE

echo "成功创建或更新了 Auto_start_jupyter.service 文件。"

# 步骤 2: 重新加载 systemd 配置
systemctl daemon-reload
echo "Systemd 配置已重新加载。"

# 步骤 3: 设置开机自启
systemctl enable Auto_start_jupyter.service
echo "Auto_start_jupyter.service 已被设置为开机自启。"

# 步骤 4: 启动服务
systemctl restart Auto_start_jupyter.service
echo "Auto_start_jupyter.service 已成功启动。"

echo ""
echo "-----------------------------------------------------"
echo "配置完成！正在检查服务的当前状态..."
echo "-----------------------------------------------------"
sleep 2
systemctl status Auto_start_jupyter.service --no-pager -l
echo "-----------------------------------------------------"
echo "如果服务状态显示为 active (running)，则表示一切正常。"
echo "如果失败，请用: sudo journalctl -u Auto_start_jupyter.service -n 50 --no-pager"
echo "-----------------------------------------------------"

EOF

改成要把一个脚本做成服务

写脚本 start_jupyter.sh

这里要求 这个脚本内部不能有 nuhup 或者 是 & ，不然可能导致不会被运行。 

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~/.local/bin/jupyter lab --no-browser --ip=0.0.0.0 --allow-root

写 Auto_start_jupyter.sh ，把 上面的脚本做成一个开机自启动的服务。

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#!/bin/bash

# 读取用户输入的密码
read -sp "请输入你的root密码: " root_password
echo

# 切换到 root 用户并执行一系列配置命令
echo "$root_password" | sudo -S -p '' bash -s <<'EOF'

echo "-----------------------------------------------------"
echo "开始配置 Python 脚本的 systemd 自启动服务..."
echo "-----------------------------------------------------"

# 步骤 1: 创建或更新 systemd 服务单元文件
echo "--> 正在创建 systemd 服务文件: /etc/systemd/system/Auto_start_task.service"

cat << 'SERVICE' > /etc/systemd/system/Auto_start_task.service
[Unit]
Description=Auto Start Python Task
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=cys
WorkingDirectory=/home/cys
ExecStart=/bin/bash start_jupyter.sh
Restart=always
RestartSec=5
StandardOutput=append:/home/cys/auto_task.log
StandardError=append:/home/cys/auto_task_error.log

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
SERVICE

echo "成功创建或更新了 Auto_start_task.service 文件。"

# 步骤 2: 重新加载 systemd 配置
systemctl daemon-reload
echo "Systemd 配置已重新加载。"

# 步骤 3: 设置开机自启
systemctl enable Auto_start_task.service
echo "Auto_start_task.service 已被设置为开机自启。"

# 步骤 4: 启动服务
systemctl restart Auto_start_task.service
echo "Auto_start_task.service 已成功启动。"

echo ""
echo "-----------------------------------------------------"
echo "配置完成！正在检查服务的当前状态..."
echo "-----------------------------------------------------"
sleep 2
systemctl status Auto_start_task.service --no-pager -l
echo "-----------------------------------------------------"
echo "如果服务状态显示为 active (running)，则表示一切正常。"
echo "日志路径：/home/cys/auto_task.log 和 /home/cys/auto_task_error.log"
echo "-----------------------------------------------------"

EOF

运行 这个脚本即可。

补充一些常见问题：

问题一：遇到缺少jupyter_core的报错，导致jupyter没有自启动。

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Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/jlsf/.local/bin/jupyter", line 5, in <module>
    from jupyter_core.command import main
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'jupyter_core'
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packages/jupyterlab/serverextension.py", line 4, in <module>
    from jupyter_server.utils import url_path_join
  File "/home/jlsf/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/jupyter_server/utils.py", line 25, in <module>
    from packaging.version import Version
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'packaging'

这两报错，一般是因为 Python 环境中缺少 packaging 模块。这是 Jupyter Lab 的关键依赖项。

运行以下命令检查你的 Python 和 pip 环境是否一致：

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# 检查 Python 路径
which python
python --version

# 检查 pip 路径和版本
which pip
pip --version

# 检查 packaging 是否已安装
pip list | grep packaging

# 检查 Python 是否能找到 packaging
python -c "import sys; print(sys.path)"
python -c "import packaging; print(packaging.__file__)"

如果这样

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(base) jlsf@admin:~$ python3.8 --version
Python 3.8.10
(base) jlsf@admin:~$ python3.8 -m pip --version
pip 20.0.2 from /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip (python 3.8)
(base) jlsf@admin:~$ which pip
/home/jlsf/data/miniconda/bin/pip
(base) jlsf@admin:~$ which python3.8
/usr/bin/python3.8
(base) jlsf@admin:~$

说明环境存在 Python 和 pip 不匹配 的问题；pip是conda 里面的。

解决：

统一使用系统 Python

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# 1. 暂时离开 conda 环境
conda deactivate

# 2. 确认 pip 现在指向系统 Python
which pip
python3.8 -m pip --version

# 3. 使用 python3.8 -m pip 安装所有包
python3.8 -m pip install --user --upgrade pip
python3.8 -m pip install --user packaging jupyter_core jupyter_server jupyterlab

# 4. 启动 Jupyter Lab
python3.8 -m jupyter lab

检查

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# 检查 Python 和 pip 是否匹配
which python
which pip
python -c "import sys; print(sys.executable)"

# 检查包是否可导入
python -c "import packaging; import jupyter_core; print('OK')"

sudo reboot # 看看 jupyter 有没有自启动。